9+ Pre-Owned Flight Attendant Hosiery For Sale


9+ Pre-Owned Flight Attendant Hosiery For Sale

This area of interest market includes the change of hosiery beforehand worn by airline cabin crew members. Usually, these things are offered on-line by devoted platforms or marketplaces. The specifics of those transactions can fluctuate, together with the situation of the hosiery, pricing, and any accompanying supplies or info.

The enchantment of such gadgets stems from a posh interaction of things. For some, it represents a connection to the idealized picture of the flight attendant occupation, evoking themes of journey, glamour, and authority. Others could also be drawn to the private nature of the garment and the implied intimacy it represents. The historic context is rooted within the fetishization of uniforms and occupational apparel, with flight attendant uniforms holding a very distinguished place in in style tradition. This market additionally intersects with broader tendencies in gathering and the net commerce of used clothes.

Additional exploration of this subject requires examination of the moral implications, the authorized framework surrounding such gross sales, the psychological motivations of patrons and sellers, and the cultural significance of this particular area of interest market. Moreover, the influence on the aviation trade and the perceptions of flight attendants warrants consideration.

1. Authenticity

Inside the marketplace for pre-owned hosiery attributed to flight attendants, authenticity performs a vital position, influencing purchaser conduct and pricing dynamics. Verification of provenance is a central concern, impacting the perceived worth of these things. The next aspects illuminate the complexities of authenticity on this context.

  • Proof of Possession

    Establishing a direct hyperlink between the hosiery and a selected flight attendant poses important challenges. Typically, sellers supply anecdotal proof, akin to photographs or uniform particulars, however concrete proof is uncommon. This lack of verifiable provenance creates an atmosphere inclined to misrepresentation and fraud. Consumers should depend on belief, status programs, or circumstantial proof, including a layer of danger to transactions.

  • Airline Affiliation

    The perceived worth of the hosiery typically correlates with the perceived status of the airline. Sellers might declare affiliation with specific airways to extend desirability and justify increased costs. Authenticating these claims, nonetheless, requires extra than simply verbal assertions. Real airline insignia or uniform labels can function indicators, however these too may be counterfeited.

  • Put on and Tear

    Paradoxically, indicators of wear and tear and tear can generally improve the notion of authenticity. Minor snags, runs, or repairs is likely to be interpreted as proof of real use, including to the merchandise’s attract for sure patrons. Nevertheless, this additionally presents a problem for figuring out whether or not the injury is real or artificially created to reinforce the perceived worth.

  • Position of Storytelling

    Narratives accompanying the sale, detailing the hosiery’s supposed historical past or the flight attendant’s experiences, contribute considerably to the perceived authenticity. Compelling tales can improve purchaser curiosity and willingness to pay a premium. Nevertheless, these narratives are troublesome to confirm and may be completely fabricated, including one other layer of complexity to the difficulty of authenticity.

The difficulties in verifying authenticity inside this market contribute to its mystique and danger. The reliance on belief, circumstantial proof, and unverifiable narratives underscores the significance of purchaser warning and the potential for exploitation. This dynamic finally shapes the market’s panorama, influencing pricing and buyer-seller interactions.

2. Pricing Variations

Pricing inside the marketplace for pre-owned hosiery attributed to flight attendants displays important variability. A number of components contribute to this fluctuation, creating a posh pricing panorama. Understanding these components is essential for navigating this area of interest market.

  • Claimed Airline Affiliation

    Objects related to perceived high-end or internationally acknowledged airways typically command increased costs. This value premium displays the perceived standing and desirability related to these manufacturers. A pair of tights purportedly worn by a flight attendant from a well known worldwide provider is likely to be listed at a considerably increased value than an identical merchandise attributed to a lesser-known home airline.

  • Situation of the Hosiery

    The situation of the hosiery performs a considerable position in value willpower. Unused or minimally worn gadgets typically fetch increased costs than these exhibiting important put on and tear. Nevertheless, as beforehand famous, some patrons worth indicators of wear and tear, creating a distinct segment marketplace for gadgets with particular imperfections. A pristine, unworn pair would probably command the best value, whereas a well-worn pair would possibly enchantment to a distinct section of patrons at a lower cost level.

  • Inclusions and Packaging

    The presence of extra gadgets, akin to the unique packaging, accompanying uniform components, or private notes from the purported flight attendant, can considerably affect pricing. These additions improve the perceived authenticity and collectibility of the merchandise, justifying a value improve. A pair of tights offered with the unique airline packaging and a handwritten be aware would possibly command a significantly increased value than the identical tights offered alone.

  • Vendor Status and Advertising and marketing

    Established sellers with a constructive status for authenticity and discretion typically command increased costs. Efficient advertising and marketing techniques, together with compelling narratives or high-quality images, may affect purchaser notion and willingness to pay. A vendor recognized for offering verified gadgets would possibly efficiently cost a premium in comparison with a brand new or much less respected vendor.

The interaction of those components creates a dynamic pricing atmosphere inside this area of interest market. Understanding these influences permits for a extra knowledgeable evaluation of worth and a clearer understanding of the motivations behind pricing choices. This information is crucial for each patrons and sellers navigating this advanced panorama.

3. On-line Platforms

On-line platforms play a vital position in facilitating the change of pre-owned hosiery attributed to flight attendants. These digital marketplaces present the infrastructure for patrons and sellers to attach, negotiate, and full transactions. Understanding the nuances of those platforms is crucial for comprehending the dynamics of this area of interest market.

  • Devoted Boards and Communities

    Specialised on-line boards and communities cater particularly to people on this area of interest market. These platforms supply a devoted area for discussions, transactions, and the sharing of knowledge associated to pre-owned hosiery. These closed communities typically develop their very own terminology, etiquette, and strategies for verifying authenticity, creating a definite subculture.

  • E-commerce Marketplaces

    Basic e-commerce platforms, whereas not solely devoted to this area of interest, additionally present avenues for the sale of pre-owned hosiery. Sellers make the most of these platforms to achieve a broader viewers. Nevertheless, these marketplaces typically have stricter laws concerning the sale of used clothes, requiring cautious navigation by sellers to keep away from account suspension or merchandise elimination. The anonymity afforded by these platforms may be enticing to each patrons and sellers.

  • Social Media Teams

    Social media teams devoted to particular pursuits, together with these associated to aviation or uniforms, may function casual marketplaces. These teams supply a extra direct and private approach for patrons and sellers to attach. Nevertheless, transactions performed by social media lack the buyer-seller protections typically discovered on devoted e-commerce platforms, growing the chance of fraud or disputes.

  • Encrypted Messaging Apps

    Encrypted messaging purposes present a personal and safe channel for communication and transactions. This elevated privateness may be interesting to people in search of discretion. Nevertheless, the dearth of transparency inherent in these platforms may improve the chance of scams and fraudulent exercise, making due diligence much more essential for patrons.

The varied vary of on-line platforms utilized inside this market displays the numerous wants and preferences of patrons and sellers. Whereas devoted boards supply a way of group and specialised information, broader e-commerce platforms present entry to a wider viewers. The selection of platform influences the extent of anonymity, buyer-seller protections, and the potential dangers concerned in every transaction. Understanding these platform-specific dynamics supplies invaluable insights into the general marketplace for pre-owned hosiery attributed to flight attendants.

4. Purchaser Motivations

Understanding purchaser motivations is essential for analyzing the marketplace for pre-owned hosiery attributed to flight attendants. These motivations are advanced and multifaceted, starting from seemingly innocuous gathering to extra intricate psychological wishes. Exploring these drivers supplies invaluable perception into the dynamics of this area of interest market.

  • Fetishism and Sexual Want

    A major motivator for a lot of patrons is sexual fetishism associated to uniforms, significantly these related to the flight attendant occupation. The mixture of the uniform’s inherent authority, the perceived glamour of air journey, and the intimate nature of hosiery contributes to its erotic enchantment for sure people. This fetishistic need drives a good portion of the demand inside this market.

  • Fantasy and Position-Taking part in

    The acquisition of pre-owned hosiery can facilitate fantastical role-playing situations for some patrons. These situations would possibly contain imagining themselves as a flight attendant or participating in fantasies associated to air journey and the perceived way of life related to the occupation. The tangible object serves as a prop or catalyst for these imaginative experiences.

  • Gathering and Nostalgia

    Some patrons strategy this market from a collector’s perspective. They may search particular gadgets based mostly on airline affiliation, rarity, or historic significance. The hosiery turns into a part of a broader assortment of aviation memorabilia or uniform-related gadgets. Nostalgia for a specific period of air journey may play a job in motivating these collectors.

  • Connection and Intimacy

    For some, the acquisition of pre-owned hosiery represents a need for connection and intimacy, albeit not directly, with the flight attendant who wore the merchandise. This motivation can stem from an admiration for the occupation or a extra customized attraction to the person vendor. The perceived intimacy related to a beforehand worn garment could be a highly effective driver for sure patrons.

These motivations, whereas distinct, typically intertwine and overlap. A purchaser is likely to be pushed by a mix of fetishistic wishes, a fascination with the flight attendant occupation, and a need for a tangible connection to the idealized picture of air journey. Understanding the advanced interaction of those motivations supplies a extra nuanced understanding of the demand that sustains the marketplace for pre-owned hosiery attributed to flight attendants. This understanding additionally highlights the moral concerns surrounding such a market and the potential for exploitation of each patrons and sellers.

5. Vendor Anonymity

Vendor anonymity performs a big position out there for pre-owned hosiery attributed to flight attendants. It permits people to take part on this area of interest market whereas shielding their identities from potential social stigma, skilled repercussions, or private scrutiny. This anonymity is facilitated by on-line platforms that supply pseudonymous accounts and safe fee strategies. The diploma of anonymity varies throughout platforms, with devoted boards and encrypted messaging apps providing larger privateness in comparison with conventional e-commerce websites.

A number of components contribute to the significance of anonymity for sellers. The delicate nature of the gadgets being offered, mixed with the potential for misinterpretation or judgment, creates a robust incentive for sellers to guard their identities. For lively flight attendants, anonymity is essential for safeguarding their careers. Public affiliation with this market may result in disciplinary motion or reputational injury. Even for people now not employed within the aviation trade, anonymity affords safety from social stigma or undesirable consideration. Contemplate a situation the place a flight attendant sells used hosiery on-line; if found, the potential penalties may vary from office disciplinary actions to on-line harassment. Anonymity mitigates these dangers.

The will for anonymity additionally influences the varieties of platforms utilized by sellers. Platforms prioritizing privateness and discretion, akin to devoted boards or encrypted messaging apps, are usually favored. This choice additional shapes the market dynamics, creating closed communities with particular guidelines and norms concerning anonymity and confidentiality. Whereas anonymity supplies advantages for sellers, it additionally introduces challenges for patrons, akin to elevated danger of fraud and issue verifying the authenticity of things. Balancing the necessity for anonymity with measures to guard patrons stays a key problem inside this market. Moreover, the authorized and moral implications of anonymity on this context require ongoing consideration.

6. Moral Considerations

The marketplace for used flight attendant hosiery raises a number of moral considerations. These considerations typically middle on problems with consent, objectification, privateness, and potential exploitation. The act of promoting used hosiery, whereas arguably authorized in lots of jurisdictions, may be perceived as a violation of privateness, significantly if the gadgets are obtained with out specific consent. For instance, discarded hosiery taken from an worker locker room and subsequently offered raises important moral questions on respect for private property and privateness. Even when hosiery is willingly offered, the potential for objectification stays. The advertising and marketing of these things ceaselessly emphasizes the sexualized nature of the flight attendant occupation, probably contributing to the objectification of people inside that occupation.

The ability dynamics inherent within the aviation trade additional complicate these moral concerns. Flight attendants, significantly these in junior positions, might really feel pressured to promote used hosiery because of monetary vulnerability or worry of reprisal. This potential for exploitation necessitates cautious consideration of the vendor’s company and the circumstances surrounding the sale. Moreover, the anonymity afforded by on-line platforms can obscure the vendor’s id and consent, making it troublesome to establish whether or not the sale is really voluntary. The absence of clear trade tips or laws concerning the sale of used uniforms exacerbates these moral ambiguities.

Addressing these moral considerations requires a multifaceted strategy. Elevated consciousness inside the aviation trade concerning the potential for exploitation is essential. Clear insurance policies outlining acceptable conduct concerning the sale of used uniforms may supply extra safety for flight attendants. Moreover, fostering open dialogue about consent, objectification, and privateness inside the broader context of on-line marketplaces is crucial. The continued examination of those moral complexities is essential for guaranteeing the well-being and respecting the autonomy of people working inside the aviation trade.

7. Authorized Implications

The sale of used flight attendant hosiery exists inside a posh authorized panorama. Whereas the act itself shouldn’t be inherently unlawful in lots of jurisdictions, a number of authorized ambiguities and potential pitfalls warrant cautious consideration. These vary from mental property rights and privateness considerations to potential fraud and misrepresentation. Navigating this authorized terrain requires understanding the assorted aspects that intersect with this area of interest market.

  • Mental Property Rights

    Airline uniforms typically incorporate copyrighted designs, emblems, and different protected mental property. The unauthorized use of those components within the sale of used hosiery may infringe upon these rights. As an example, utilizing an airline’s brand in images or descriptions of the hosiery with out permission may represent trademark infringement. Equally, promoting counterfeit uniform gadgets misrepresented as genuine raises authorized considerations.

  • Privateness and Picture Rights

    If a vendor makes use of images or private info of a flight attendant with out their consent, it may result in authorized motion based mostly on privateness or picture rights violations. That is significantly related if the sale implies endorsement or affiliation with the flight attendant with out their specific permission. For instance, utilizing a flight attendant’s title and photograph to market used hosiery with out their consent may infringe upon their proper to regulate their public picture.

  • Fraud and Misrepresentation

    Misrepresenting the origin or authenticity of the hosiery constitutes fraud. This might embody falsely claiming that the hosiery was worn by a selected flight attendant or airline, or promoting counterfeit gadgets as real. Such misleading practices can result in authorized motion by customers or the affected airline. As an example, promoting abnormal hosiery marketed as a real airline uniform merchandise constitutes fraudulent misrepresentation.

  • Contract Legislation and Employment Agreements

    Some airways have particular clauses of their employment contracts that prohibit or prohibit workers from promoting used uniform gadgets. Promoting hosiery in violation of such agreements may result in disciplinary motion or authorized proceedings initiated by the airline. These contractual obligations fluctuate between airways and jurisdictions.

The authorized complexities surrounding the sale of used flight attendant hosiery underscore the significance of each purchaser and vendor consciousness. Understanding the potential authorized ramifications will help mitigate dangers and guarantee compliance with relevant legal guidelines and laws. The absence of clear authorized precedents on this particular area of interest market necessitates cautious consideration of the moral and authorized boundaries to attenuate potential authorized challenges. Additional authorized scholarship and case legislation will probably form the longer term panorama of this market and supply larger readability for all events concerned.

8. Fetishism and Want

The marketplace for used flight attendant hosiery intersects considerably with themes of fetishism and need. Understanding this intersection requires exploring the psychological and cultural components that contribute to the erotic enchantment of these things. This exploration necessitates a frank and goal evaluation, avoiding ethical judgment whereas acknowledging the advanced interaction of motivations at play.

  • Uniform Fetishism

    Uniforms, significantly these related to occupations perceived as authoritative or glamorous, typically maintain a robust erotic enchantment for sure people. Flight attendant uniforms, with their historic connotations of class and exclusivity, fall squarely inside this class. The uniform represents a logo of energy, management, and desirability, contributing to its fetishistic enchantment. This fetish shouldn’t be distinctive to flight attendants; related points of interest exist for different uniformed professions, however the flight attendant uniform occupies a very distinguished place in in style tradition, amplifying its erotic significance.

  • Foot and Leg Fetishism

    Hosiery, as a garment emphasizing legs and toes, performs a big position in foot and leg fetishism. The mixture of the hosiery’s tight match, its sheer texture, and its affiliation with the flight attendant uniform enhances its erotic enchantment for people with these particular fetishes. The visible and tactile qualities of the hosiery contribute considerably to its desirability inside this market.

  • The Attract of the “Used” Garment

    The truth that the hosiery is pre-owned provides one other layer of complexity to the need. For some people, the “used” facet enhances the erotic enchantment, signifying a more in-depth connection to the unique wearer. This connection may be rooted in a need for intimacy, a fascination with the perceived way of life of a flight attendant, or a extra advanced psychological want for proximity to the thing of need. The hint of the earlier wearer provides to the merchandise’s perceived worth.

  • Objectification and Fantasy

    The acquisition of used flight attendant hosiery can gasoline fantasies associated to energy dynamics, management, and submission. The act of buying and possessing an intimate garment worn by somebody ready of authority could be a highly effective driver of need. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge the potential for objectification inherent in these fantasies. The concentrate on the garment reasonably than the person sporting it may contribute to the dehumanization of flight attendants and perpetuate dangerous stereotypes.

These interwoven components contribute to the advanced relationship between fetishism, need, and the marketplace for used flight attendant hosiery. Understanding these motivations is essential for a nuanced evaluation of this market, acknowledging the psychological and cultural forces at play whereas remaining conscious of the moral implications. The intersection of those components necessitates continued exploration and open dialogue to totally comprehend the dynamics and penalties of this particular area of interest market.

9. Cultural Significance

The marketplace for used flight attendant hosiery reveals a posh interaction of cultural components that contribute to the demand for this stuff. This market does not exist in isolation; it is formed by broader cultural perceptions of flight attendants, the airline trade, and the fetishization of uniforms. Inspecting these cultural influences supplies invaluable perception into this area of interest market.

  • The Idealized Picture of the Flight Attendant

    Traditionally, flight attendants have been portrayed as glamorous and complex figures, embodying beliefs of journey, journey, and worldliness. This idealized picture, perpetuated by media representations and promoting campaigns, contributes to the desirability of things related to the occupation, together with hosiery. The cultural notion of flight attendants as aspirational figures fuels the demand for gadgets linked to their perceived way of life.

  • Fetishization of Uniforms and Authority

    Uniforms, significantly these related to professions perceived as authoritative or glamorous, typically maintain a robust erotic enchantment. Flight attendant uniforms are a first-rate instance of this phenomenon. The uniform symbolizes authority, management, and a selected aesthetic, contributing to its fetishization. The marketplace for used hosiery faucets into this cultural fascination with uniforms and the ability dynamics they signify. This fascination extends past the aviation trade, however the flight attendant uniform holds a very distinguished place within the cultural creativeness.

  • Client Tradition and Collectibility

    The marketplace for used flight attendant hosiery intersects with broader tendencies in client tradition, significantly the growing recognition of gathering distinctive or uncommon gadgets. For some patrons, the hosiery represents a collectible merchandise linked to a selected airline, a specific period of air journey, or perhaps a particular flight attendant. This collectibility contributes to the perceived worth and drives demand inside this area of interest market.

  • Taboo and Transgression

    The clandestine nature of this market provides to its attract for some patrons. The perceived taboo surrounding the acquisition of used hosiery and its affiliation with fetishism can contribute to its desirability. This ingredient of transgression and the joys of participating in a socially marginalized exercise could be a highly effective motivator for sure people. The secrecy surrounding the market reinforces its mystique and contributes to its cultural significance.

These cultural components intertwine to create the advanced marketplace for used flight attendant hosiery. The idealized picture of the flight attendant, mixed with the fetishization of uniforms, client tradition tendencies, and the attract of taboo, fuels the demand for this stuff. Understanding these cultural influences affords invaluable insights into the motivations of each patrons and sellers inside this area of interest market and supplies a broader context for analyzing its moral and social implications. This market displays broader cultural tendencies associated to need, id, and the commodification of private gadgets.

Continuously Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning the marketplace for pre-owned hosiery attributed to flight attendants. The data supplied goals to supply readability and tackle potential misconceptions.

Query 1: Is the sale of used flight attendant hosiery authorized?

Legality varies by jurisdiction. Whereas typically not explicitly unlawful in lots of locations, related actions like misrepresentation or mental property infringement can have authorized ramifications. Consulting authorized counsel specializing in e-commerce and mental property is suggested for sellers.

Query 2: How can one confirm the authenticity of such gadgets?

Authenticity verification poses important challenges. Relying solely on seller-provided info is dangerous. Impartial verification strategies are typically unavailable, making purchaser warning important. Scrutinizing vendor critiques and suggestions can supply some perception into status, however supplies no assure of authenticity.

Query 3: What drives the demand for this stuff?

Demand stems from a posh interaction of things, together with uniform fetishism, the idealized picture of the flight attendant occupation, and the attract of the “used” garment. Psychological and cultural influences contribute considerably to purchaser motivations.

Query 4: What moral concerns come up on this market?

Moral considerations embody potential exploitation of flight attendants, objectification, privateness violations, and questions surrounding consent. The ability dynamics inherent within the aviation trade warrant cautious consideration of vendor company and the circumstances surrounding the sale.

Query 5: How do on-line platforms facilitate these transactions?

Varied on-line platforms, starting from devoted boards to basic e-commerce marketplaces, facilitate these transactions. Every platform affords totally different ranges of anonymity, buyer-seller protections, and potential dangers. Understanding platform-specific laws and group norms is crucial.

Query 6: What are the potential dangers for patrons and sellers?

Consumers face dangers associated to fraud, misrepresentation, and lack of recourse because of the typically nameless nature of transactions. Sellers danger reputational injury, authorized repercussions associated to mental property infringement or misrepresentation, and potential violations of employment agreements.

Navigating this area of interest market requires cautious consideration of the authorized, moral, and private implications. Due diligence, knowledgeable decision-making, and consciousness of potential dangers are paramount for each patrons and sellers.

Additional analysis and evaluation of client conduct, market tendencies, and authorized frameworks are really helpful for a complete understanding of this advanced market.

Suggestions for Navigating the Market

Navigating the marketplace for pre-owned hosiery attributed to flight attendants requires cautious consideration and consciousness of potential dangers. The next suggestions supply steering for these taken with taking part on this area of interest market.

Tip 1: Train Excessive Warning: Due diligence is paramount. This market operates largely unregulated, growing the chance of fraud and misrepresentation. Method transactions with skepticism and keep away from impulsive purchases.

Tip 2: Analysis Completely: Perceive the precise laws and norms of chosen platforms. Devoted boards might have particular guidelines concerning gross sales, whereas broader e-commerce websites might need restrictions on used clothes gross sales. Consciousness of those guidelines is essential.

Tip 3: Scrutinize Vendor Profiles: Consider vendor status, suggestions, and transaction historical past the place accessible. Search for established sellers with constructive critiques and a historical past of dependable transactions. Nevertheless, acknowledge that even constructive critiques can’t totally assure authenticity.

Tip 4: Confirm Info Independently: The place potential, try to confirm info supplied by sellers by unbiased sources. This may be difficult, however even small particulars can generally reveal inconsistencies or inaccuracies. Cross-referencing info throughout a number of platforms may be useful.

Tip 5: Perceive Pricing Dynamics: Analysis typical pricing for related gadgets to keep away from overpaying. Be cautious of costs considerably increased or decrease than market averages. Excessive value variations can point out both inflated valuations or probably counterfeit gadgets.

Tip 6: Contemplate the Moral Implications: Replicate on the moral concerns associated to this market, together with potential exploitation of flight attendants and points surrounding privateness and consent. Knowledgeable participation requires consciousness of those moral complexities.

Tip 7: Defend Private Info: Train warning when sharing private info on on-line platforms. Prioritize platforms with sturdy privateness protections and keep away from disclosing pointless private particulars. Use safe fee strategies to guard monetary info.

Partaking on this market requires cautious consideration of the potential dangers and moral implications. Knowledgeable decision-making, thorough analysis, and cautious navigation are essential for shielding private and monetary well-being.

The next concluding remarks will summarize key takeaways and supply remaining suggestions.

Conclusion

The marketplace for used flight attendant hosiery presents a posh intersection of client need, fetishism, and cultural fascination. Evaluation reveals a dynamic panorama formed by components together with authenticity considerations, pricing variations influenced by perceived airline status and merchandise situation, and the essential position of on-line platforms in facilitating transactions. Purchaser motivations vary from gathering to advanced psychological wishes, typically intertwined with the attract of uniforms and the perceived glamour of the aviation trade. Vendor anonymity, whereas providing safety, raises moral and authorized questions on consent, privateness, and potential exploitation. The market navigates a posh authorized terrain encompassing mental property rights, potential fraud, and employment contract stipulations. The cultural significance of this market displays broader societal tendencies associated to the fetishization of uniforms, client tradition, and the commodification of private gadgets.

This exploration underscores the necessity for larger transparency and moral consciousness inside this area of interest market. Additional analysis into the psychological and cultural drivers behind these transactions, coupled with clearer authorized frameworks and trade tips, is essential for addressing the moral ambiguities and potential dangers. Continued examination of this market affords invaluable insights into the advanced interaction of need, id, and the evolving dynamics of on-line commerce.