9+ Best Concession Stand Resume Examples & Samples


9+ Best Concession Stand Resume Examples & Samples

A doc outlining {qualifications} and work historical past for a job in meals service at a venue like a stadium, theater, or park usually contains particulars of customer support expertise, money dealing with, meals preparation, and cleansing duties. Instance {qualifications} would possibly embody velocity and accuracy so as taking and fee processing, information of meals security practices, and the flexibility to work effectively in a fast-paced atmosphere. A powerful software would possibly spotlight expertise in related roles, related certifications, and smooth abilities equivalent to communication and teamwork.

A well-crafted software package deal is essential for securing employment on this subject. It allows candidates to showcase related abilities and experiences on to potential employers, growing the probabilities of touchdown an interview. This follow of formally making use of for jobs, utilizing a tailor-made mixture of a piece historical past abstract and a role-specific overview, has turn out to be more and more standardized over time, reflecting the rising emphasis on professionalism and {qualifications} within the hiring course of.

The next sections will delve deeper into creating impactful purposes for most of these roles. Matters lined embody tailoring purposes to particular job necessities, highlighting key abilities and experiences, and crafting compelling narratives to face out from the competitors. Moreover, greatest practices for formatting and structuring these paperwork will likely be explored.

1. Buyer Service Abilities

Customer support abilities are paramount in concession stand roles. These positions contain fixed interplay with patrons, usually below demanding circumstances equivalent to lengthy strains, time constraints, and ranging buyer wants. A powerful software for such a job should subsequently emphasize related abilities. Examples embody efficient communication, endurance in dealing with requests, and problem-solving talents, equivalent to resolving incorrect orders or addressing buyer issues. Highlighting situations the place these abilities have been efficiently utilized, like de-escalating a annoyed buyer or effectively dealing with a big rush, strengthens an software significantly.

The significance of those abilities stems from their direct affect on buyer satisfaction and, consequently, the general success of the concession operation. A constructive buyer expertise encourages repeat enterprise and contributes to a venue’s popularity. Conversely, poor customer support can result in unfavorable opinions and diminished gross sales. Due to this fact, candidates should exhibit a transparent understanding of the important function customer support performs on this atmosphere. Quantifiable achievements, equivalent to persistently receiving constructive buyer suggestions or exceeding gross sales targets as a result of efficient buyer interactions, can considerably improve an software’s affect.

In conclusion, showcasing sturdy customer support abilities shouldn’t be merely a fascinating addition to a concession stand applicationit’s a elementary requirement. Candidates ought to strategically spotlight related experiences and accomplishments to exhibit their capacity to thrive in a customer-centric atmosphere. This give attention to customer support inside the software straight correlates with a candidate’s potential to excel within the function and contribute positively to the general operation.

2. Money Dealing with Expertise

Correct and environment friendly money dealing with is a important element of concession stand operations. Functions for these roles should clearly exhibit an applicant’s competence in managing monetary transactions. This encompasses a variety of abilities, from fundamental calculation and money counting to working point-of-sale (POS) methods and sustaining correct data. Demonstrating proficiency in these areas will increase an applicant’s perceived reliability and suitability for the function.

  • Accuracy and Accountability

    Precision in making change and recording transactions is paramount. Errors can result in monetary discrepancies and buyer dissatisfaction. Candidates ought to spotlight experiences demonstrating accuracy, equivalent to balancing a money drawer on the finish of a shift with minimal discrepancies or efficiently managing excessive transaction volumes with constant accuracy. Examples of demonstrating accountability embody taking possession of minor discrepancies and implementing corrective measures, showcasing a accountable method to monetary administration.

  • Pace and Effectivity

    Concession stands usually expertise intervals of excessive demand, requiring workers to course of transactions shortly and effectively. Candidates can spotlight expertise in fast-paced environments, equivalent to dealing with massive volumes of transactions throughout peak hours or shortly studying and adapting to new POS methods. Examples embody minimizing buyer wait instances via environment friendly transaction processing or creating streamlined procedures for dealing with widespread transactions, showcasing a capability to contribute to a clean and environment friendly operation.

  • Safety and Loss Prevention

    Dealing with money requires a powerful understanding of safety protocols to reduce the chance of theft or fraud. Candidates ought to spotlight expertise in following established money dealing with procedures, equivalent to securing money drawers and adhering to loss prevention tips. Examples embody figuring out and reporting suspicious exercise or implementing procedures to reduce money discrepancies, demonstrating a dedication to defending the monetary integrity of the operation.

  • POS System Proficiency

    Many trendy concession stands make the most of POS methods for transactions. Familiarity with these methods is usually a important benefit. Candidates ought to specify their expertise with completely different POS platforms, highlighting their capacity to shortly be taught and adapt to new applied sciences. Examples embody proficiency in working varied POS features, equivalent to processing completely different fee varieties or producing gross sales stories, showcasing adaptability and technical competence.

These aspects of money dealing with expertise are interconnected and contribute to the general effectiveness of a concession stand operation. By highlighting these abilities and experiences in an software, candidates exhibit their preparedness to deal with the monetary tasks of the function and contribute to a clean, environment friendly, and safe operation. This straight addresses key issues of potential employers and strengthens the appliance significantly.

3. Meals Preparation Data

Meals preparation information is a vital aspect in a concession stand job description and straight impacts the standard, security, and effectivity of the operation. This information encompasses a number of key areas, together with understanding fundamental cooking strategies, meals security rules, correct dealing with and storage procedures, and portion management. Candidates who exhibit a powerful understanding of those areas usually tend to be thought of for concession stand positions. For instance, realizing the right way to function cooking tools like fryers and grills safely and effectively is crucial for producing constant, high-quality meals objects shortly. Equally, understanding meals security tips, equivalent to correct handwashing and temperature management, is significant for stopping foodborne sicknesses and sustaining a wholesome work atmosphere.

The sensible significance of meals preparation information in a concession stand setting can’t be overstated. It straight impacts buyer satisfaction, operational effectivity, and profitability. Correct meals dealing with and preparation be sure that prospects obtain protected and interesting meals, contributing to constructive buyer experiences and repeat enterprise. Environment friendly meals preparation strategies, equivalent to prepping components prematurely and using correct cooking strategies, decrease wait instances and maximize output throughout peak hours, which is essential for maximizing income in a fast-paced atmosphere. Moreover, correct portion management helps handle meals prices and cut back waste, contributing to the general profitability of the concession stand.

In conclusion, highlighting meals preparation information inside a concession stand job software is crucial. It alerts an applicant’s capacity to contribute to a protected, environment friendly, and worthwhile operation. Candidates ought to emphasize their abilities and expertise in varied areas of meals preparation, together with cooking strategies, meals security practices, storage procedures, and portion management. Demonstrating this information enhances an software’s competitiveness and will increase the probability of securing a place.

4. Cleansing and Sanitation

Sustaining impeccable cleansing and sanitation requirements is paramount in a concession stand atmosphere. This facet straight impacts meals security, buyer notion, and regulatory compliance. A concession stand job description usually emphasizes the significance of cleansing and sanitation duties, reflecting its important function in each day operations. These duties usually embody cleansing meals preparation areas, tools, utensils, and customer support areas. Candidates ought to spotlight their understanding of correct sanitation procedures, equivalent to utilizing applicable cleansing options, following established cleansing schedules, and adhering to meals security rules. For instance, demonstrating information of correct handwashing strategies, sanitizing meals contact surfaces, and disposing of waste accurately showcases an understanding of elementary hygiene practices essential for a concession stand atmosphere. Sensible expertise in sustaining a clear and arranged workspace additional strengthens an software by demonstrating a proactive method to sanitation.

The sensible significance of cleansing and sanitation in a concession stand context extends past fundamental hygiene. It straight influences buyer belief and satisfaction. A clear and arranged atmosphere reassures prospects concerning the security and high quality of the meals being served, fostering a constructive eating expertise. Conversely, a grimy or disorganized atmosphere can deter prospects and negatively affect their notion of the institution. Moreover, adhering to strict sanitation requirements is crucial for complying with well being rules and avoiding penalties or closures. Demonstrating a dedication to cleansing and sanitation in an software, via examples of earlier expertise or related certifications, alerts a candidate’s understanding of its significance and their capacity to contribute to a protected and compliant operation. As an illustration, mentioning expertise in implementing a cleansing guidelines or coaching new staff on sanitation procedures underscores a proactive and accountable method to sustaining hygiene requirements.

In abstract, emphasizing cleansing and sanitation experience inside a concession stand software shouldn’t be merely a fascinating addition however a elementary requirement. It demonstrates a dedication to meals security, buyer satisfaction, and regulatory compliance. Candidates ought to showcase their understanding and expertise on this space by highlighting related abilities, information, and sensible examples, thus reinforcing their suitability for the function and their dedication to sustaining a hygienic and protected atmosphere.

5. Quick-paced atmosphere adaptability

Adaptability to a fast-paced atmosphere is essential for concession stand roles. These environments are characterised by fluctuating buyer stream, high-pressure conditions throughout peak hours, and the necessity to multitask effectively. A powerful software should subsequently spotlight an applicant’s capacity to thrive below strain, keep composure throughout rushes, and prioritize duties successfully. This ability is crucial for sustaining environment friendly service and minimizing buyer wait instances. Demonstrated expertise in dealing with demanding conditions, equivalent to managing a number of orders concurrently or shortly resolving buyer points throughout peak hours, considerably strengthens an software. For instance, describing expertise in a earlier function the place the applicant efficiently managed a sudden inflow of consumers throughout a sporting occasion intermission, sustaining order accuracy and velocity, offers concrete proof of this adaptability. One other related instance may be expertise in a fast-food setting, demonstrating the flexibility to work effectively below time strain whereas adhering to high quality requirements.

The sensible significance of this adaptability extends past particular person efficiency. It contributes on to workforce cohesion and total operational effectivity. People who can adapt shortly to altering calls for and keep composure below strain contribute to a smoother workflow, decrease errors, and improve the workforce’s capacity to deal with peak intervals successfully. This reduces stress on colleagues and creates a extra constructive work atmosphere. Moreover, adaptability usually correlates with problem-solving abilities and initiative. People snug in fast-paced settings are sometimes extra resourceful and proactive in figuring out and resolving points, contributing to a extra environment friendly and responsive operation. For instance, an applicant would possibly describe how they reorganized a condiment station throughout a rush to enhance workflow and cut back buyer wait instances, demonstrating proactive problem-solving in a fast-paced atmosphere. This sort of adaptability is extremely valued in concession stand operations.

In conclusion, adaptability to a fast-paced atmosphere is a important ability for concession stand staff. Demonstrating this adaptability via concrete examples in a resume or software straight addresses a core requirement of the function. This strengthens the appliance significantly, showcasing not solely a person’s capacity to carry out below strain but in addition their potential to contribute positively to workforce dynamics and operational effectivity.

6. Teamwork and communication

Efficient teamwork and communication are important for clean and environment friendly concession stand operations. The fast-paced, customer-centric nature of this atmosphere necessitates seamless collaboration amongst workforce members. A concession stand job description usually highlights the significance of those abilities, recognizing their direct affect on buyer satisfaction, operational effectivity, and office morale. These abilities are intertwined; clear communication facilitates efficient teamwork, enabling workers to coordinate duties, share info, and resolve points promptly. As an illustration, successfully speaking order particulars between cashiers and meals preparation workers ensures accuracy and minimizes errors, finally contributing to sooner service and lowered buyer wait instances. Equally, open communication about inventory ranges helps stop shortages and ensures clean replenishment, minimizing disruptions to service. Actual-life examples embody a cashier informing the workforce about a big inflow of consumers, enabling the workforce to organize for the push proactively, or a meals preparer speaking a possible delay with a particular order, permitting the cashier to handle buyer expectations successfully.

The sensible significance of teamwork and communication extends past fast operational effectivity. These abilities foster a constructive and supportive work atmosphere, contributing to elevated workers motivation and lowered office battle. Open communication channels permit for fast decision of points, stopping misunderstandings and fostering a way of shared duty. This collaborative ambiance enhances the workforce’s capacity to deal with worrying conditions, equivalent to tools malfunctions or buyer complaints, collectively and effectively. Sturdy teamwork additionally facilitates cross-training and ability growth amongst workforce members, making a extra versatile and adaptable workforce. For instance, a workforce member proficient in working the POS system would possibly practice colleagues, enhancing total workforce effectivity and decreasing reliance on particular people. Likewise, efficient communication throughout stocktaking can decrease errors and guarantee correct stock administration.

In abstract, teamwork and communication are integral elements of a profitable concession stand operation. Functions and resumes ought to spotlight these abilities with concrete examples demonstrating their sensible software in earlier roles. This not solely showcases an applicant’s capacity to collaborate successfully but in addition their understanding of the interconnected nature of those abilities and their direct affect on customer support, operational effectivity, and total workforce efficiency. Failure to handle these abilities adequately can sign a possible incapability to thrive in a fast-paced, team-oriented atmosphere, doubtlessly hindering an applicant’s prospects.

7. Stock Administration

Efficient stock administration is a vital ability for concession stand operations, straight impacting profitability, buyer satisfaction, and operational effectivity. Due to this fact, a powerful concession stand job description resume ought to spotlight an applicant’s expertise and abilities on this space. Correct stock monitoring ensures adequate inventory ranges of in style objects, stopping misplaced gross sales alternatives as a result of shortages. It additionally minimizes waste by stopping overstocking of perishable items, straight contributing to value management. Moreover, environment friendly stock administration streamlines ordering processes, reduces storage wants, and optimizes using restricted cupboard space, essential in usually cramped concession stand environments. Actual-life examples demonstrating these abilities embody precisely forecasting demand for particular objects based mostly on gross sales information, implementing a first-in, first-out (FIFO) system to reduce spoilage, or utilizing stock administration software program to trace inventory ranges and generate automated ordering stories. Highlighting such expertise demonstrates an understanding of the essential hyperlink between stock administration and monetary success.

Sensible purposes of stock administration abilities in a concession stand setting prolong past fundamental inventory management. They embody strategic decision-making associated to buying, pricing, and product choice. A person expert in stock administration can analyze gross sales information to determine top-selling objects, optimize pricing methods to maximise profitability, and make knowledgeable choices about introducing new merchandise or discontinuing underperforming ones. These abilities contribute considerably to income technology and total enterprise success. As an illustration, an applicant would possibly describe how they analyzed gross sales information to determine a excessive demand for a selected snack merchandise, resulting in elevated orders and subsequent gross sales development, or how they applied a inventory rotation system that lowered waste by 15%, straight contributing to elevated revenue margins. Such quantifiable achievements exhibit the sensible worth of stock administration experience.

In conclusion, stock administration is a important facet of concession stand operations, straight impacting profitability and effectivity. Candidates ought to showcase their understanding and expertise on this space by offering concrete examples of their accomplishments in earlier roles. This demonstrates not solely their capacity to handle inventory successfully but in addition their strategic pondering and understanding of the broader enterprise implications of stock management. A resume that highlights these abilities positions the applicant as a invaluable asset able to contributing to the monetary success and operational effectivity of the concession stand.

8. POS System Proficiency

Level-of-sale (POS) system proficiency is more and more important in trendy concession stand operations. Consequently, its inclusion on a concession stand job description resume carries important weight. POS methods streamline transactions, handle stock, generate gross sales stories, and sometimes combine with different enterprise features. An applicant’s capacity to effectively function these methods straight impacts customer support velocity, order accuracy, and total operational effectivity. This proficiency reduces transaction instances, minimizes errors so as taking and fee processing, and offers invaluable information for gross sales evaluation and stock administration. Actual-life examples embody shortly processing varied fee varieties (credit score/debit playing cards, cell funds), making use of reductions and promotions precisely, and effectively managing refunds or exchanges. A resume demonstrating such abilities presents a candidate able to dealing with the technological calls for of up to date concession operations.

The sensible significance of POS system proficiency extends past fundamental transaction processing. It contributes to data-driven decision-making, enhancing operational effectivity and profitability. Competent POS customers can generate stories on gross sales developments, peak hours, and in style objects, offering invaluable insights for stock administration, staffing choices, and menu changes. This information evaluation functionality can contribute to optimized staffing ranges, lowered waste via correct stock forecasting, and focused promotional campaigns to maximise income. For instance, proficiency in producing gross sales stories may allow identification of slow-moving objects, resulting in menu changes or focused promotions to scale back waste and improve profitability. Equally, understanding POS system functionalities associated to loyalty applications can improve buyer retention methods.

In abstract, POS system proficiency is now not a supplementary ability however a core competency for concession stand staff. A resume that successfully highlights this proficiency via particular examples and quantifiable achievements strengthens an software considerably. It alerts an applicant’s capacity to contribute to environment friendly operations, correct monetary reporting, and data-driven decision-making, finally enhancing buyer satisfaction and enterprise profitability. Omitting or underemphasizing this ability can current a candidate as technologically unprepared for the calls for of the fashionable concession stand atmosphere, doubtlessly hindering their prospects in a aggressive job market.

9. Related Certifications (e.g., Meals Handler)

Together with related certifications, equivalent to a meals handler’s allow, inside a concession stand job description resume considerably strengthens an software. These certifications exhibit a dedication to meals security and dealing with greatest practices, important elements of accountable meals service. They sign to potential employers an understanding of authorized necessities and an adherence to business requirements, growing applicant credibility and employability. This part explores the assorted aspects of how these certifications improve a concession stand software.

  • Demonstrated Data of Meals Security Rules

    Meals handler certifications validate an applicant’s information of important meals security ideas, together with protected meals dealing with, temperature management, cross-contamination prevention, and correct sanitation practices. These are elementary to stopping foodborne sicknesses and making certain buyer well-being. Possessing such a certification signifies an understanding of potential hazards and a dedication to sustaining a protected meals dealing with atmosphere, straight addressing a core concern of any meals service employer. This information interprets straight into safer meals dealing with practices and reduces the chance of incidents that might negatively affect buyer well being or the institution’s popularity.

  • Compliance with Regulatory Necessities

    Many jurisdictions require meals service employees to acquire meals handler permits or equal certifications to adjust to native well being rules. Together with these certifications on a resume demonstrates an applicant’s proactive method to assembly authorized necessities, saving employers potential time and assets related to coaching or compliance points. This proactive compliance alerts a accountable and law-abiding method to work, traits valued by employers in any business, particularly meals service the place public well being is paramount.

  • Enhanced Skilled Credibility

    Together with related certifications enhances an applicant’s skilled credibility and distinguishes them from different candidates. It showcases a dedication to skilled growth and a dedication to greatest practices inside the meals service business. This may be notably advantageous in aggressive job markets, offering a tangible demonstration of abilities and information past fundamental expertise. It signifies a proactive method to profession development and a dedication to steady studying inside the subject.

  • Elevated Employability

    Meals handler certifications straight improve employability inside the meals service sector. Employers usually prioritize candidates who possess these certifications because it streamlines the onboarding course of and assures them of the applicant’s fundamental meals security information. This is usually a deciding issue when selecting between candidates with related expertise ranges, giving licensed people a definite benefit. It minimizes the necessity for extra coaching and permits employers to deploy new hires extra shortly and effectively.

In conclusion, the inclusion of related certifications, notably meals handler permits, on a concession stand job description resume is extremely helpful. It strengthens an software by demonstrating a dedication to meals security, regulatory compliance, {and professional} growth. These certifications present tangible proof of an applicant’s information and abilities, enhancing their credibility and growing their probability of securing employment in a aggressive meals service atmosphere. By emphasizing these {qualifications}, candidates place themselves as accountable and educated people, able to contribute successfully to a protected and compliant operation.

Steadily Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning purposes for concession stand positions.

Query 1: How a lot prior expertise is often required for concession stand roles?

Whereas some employers desire candidates with prior meals service expertise, many concession stand positions are entry-level and supply on-the-job coaching. Highlighting transferable abilities like customer support, money dealing with, or teamwork can compensate for an absence of direct expertise.

Query 2: What are the standard working hours for concession stand staff?

Working hours usually range relying on the venue and occasion schedules. Concession stands are incessantly busiest throughout evenings, weekends, and holidays. Flexibility and availability throughout these instances are usually advantageous.

Query 3: How can candidates exhibit customer support abilities with out direct concession stand expertise?

Examples from different customer-facing roles, equivalent to retail or hospitality, can successfully exhibit customer support aptitude. Give attention to transferable abilities like communication, problem-solving, and dealing with buyer inquiries.

Query 4: Is a meals handler’s allow at all times required for concession stand positions?

Necessities range by jurisdiction. Researching native well being rules and acquiring the required certification beforehand demonstrates proactive compliance and enhances software competitiveness. Even when not mandated, possessing a meals handler’s allow alerts a dedication to meals security.

Query 5: How can candidates showcase their capacity to work in a fast-paced atmosphere?

Present particular examples from earlier roles the place environment friendly multitasking and dealing with strain have been demonstrated. Quantifiable achievements, equivalent to serving a lot of prospects inside a particular timeframe, can strengthen the appliance.

Query 6: What key abilities ought to be emphasised in a concession stand software?

Give attention to customer support, money dealing with accuracy, meals preparation information (if relevant), cleansing and sanitation practices, adaptability to fast-paced environments, teamwork, and communication abilities. Tailor the emphasis based mostly on the precise job description necessities.

Understanding these incessantly requested questions helps potential candidates put together complete and aggressive purposes for concession stand positions. Completely addressing these elements inside the software course of considerably enhances the probability of securing an interview.

The following part offers additional steering on crafting a compelling resume and canopy letter tailor-made particularly for concession stand roles.

Suggestions for Crafting a Sturdy Concession Stand Utility

The following tips present steering for making a compelling software package deal tailor-made to concession stand positions, maximizing the probabilities of securing an interview.

Tip 1: Tailor the appliance. Fastidiously assessment the precise job description and spotlight related abilities and experiences. Generic purposes usually lack the affect of these tailor-made to the precise necessities of the function. For instance, if the job description emphasizes money dealing with, present quantifiable examples of money dealing with accuracy and velocity from earlier roles. If customer support is paramount, spotlight experiences demonstrating wonderful buyer interplay abilities.

Tip 2: Quantify accomplishments. Each time doable, use numbers or metrics to exhibit achievements. As a substitute of stating “dealt with money,” specify “managed each day transactions averaging $500 with 100% accuracy.” This provides weight and credibility to claims.

Tip 3: Spotlight related certifications. Prominently show related certifications, equivalent to meals handler permits or different security coaching credentials. This demonstrates dedication to business requirements and compliance with rules. Guarantee these certifications are up-to-date and from acknowledged accrediting our bodies.

Tip 4: Showcase smooth abilities. Emphasize important smooth abilities equivalent to teamwork, communication, problem-solving, and flexibility. These abilities are essential for thriving in a fast-paced, customer-centric atmosphere. Present particular examples demonstrating these abilities in motion, illustrating how they contributed to constructive outcomes in earlier roles.

Tip 5: Use motion verbs. Start bullet factors with sturdy motion verbs to create a dynamic and results-oriented presentation of abilities and expertise. As a substitute of “liable for cleansing,” use “maintained sanitation requirements exceeding well being rules” to create a extra impactful description.

Tip 6: Proofread meticulously. Errors in grammar and spelling detract from professionalism. Completely proofread all software supplies, together with resumes and canopy letters, earlier than submission. Think about using grammar-checking instruments or asking a trusted pal to assessment for errors.

Tip 7: Keep an expert format. Use a clear, easy-to-read font and constant formatting all through the appliance supplies. Knowledgeable presentation enhances readability and demonstrates consideration to element. Keep away from overly elaborate formatting that may distract from the content material.

Tip 8: Observe up strategically. After submitting an software, observe up with the employer inside an inexpensive timeframe to reiterate curiosity and inquire concerning the hiring course of. This demonstrates initiative and maintains visibility.

Following the following pointers enhances software competitiveness by showcasing related abilities and expertise successfully. A well-crafted software package deal will increase the probability of securing an interview and finally touchdown the specified concession stand place.

This complete information concludes with a abstract of key takeaways and sensible recommendation for job seekers on this aggressive subject.

Conclusion

Cautious consideration to element inside purposes for concession stand positions is crucial for fulfillment. This exploration has highlighted key elements of efficient software supplies, emphasizing the significance of showcasing related abilities equivalent to customer support, money dealing with, meals preparation, cleansing and sanitation practices, and flexibility to fast-paced environments. Moreover, the importance of related certifications, like meals handler permits, and the flexibility to quantify accomplishments with concrete examples has been underscored. Completely addressing these elements inside a tailor-made, skilled software package deal considerably will increase the probability of securing employment.

The aggressive panorama of the meals service business necessitates a proactive and strategic method to job in search of. Investing effort and time in crafting compelling purposes that successfully talk related abilities and experiences is essential for standing out amongst different candidates. This dedication to presenting a refined {and professional} software package deal finally displays a candidate’s dedication and preparedness, positioning them favorably for fulfillment in securing a desired concession stand function.