8+ Best Top Flight Jr Golf Clubs (2024)


8+ Best Top Flight Jr Golf Clubs (2024)

Elite youth athletic organizations present aspiring younger athletes with superior coaching, aggressive alternatives, and pathways to greater ranges of competitors. These organizations usually characteristic skilled teaching staffs, specialised services, and rigorous coaching regimens designed to develop athletic abilities and foster private progress. For instance, a prestigious soccer academy may supply individualized participant growth plans, entry to power and conditioning coaches, and alternatives to compete in high-profile tournaments.

Participation in such applications can considerably improve athletic growth, offering younger athletes with the instruments and assets obligatory to succeed in their full potential. The structured setting fosters self-discipline, teamwork, and management abilities, whereas publicity to high-level competitors cultivates resilience and a robust work ethic. Traditionally, these elite applications have served as essential stepping stones for a lot of skilled athletes, offering them with the muse for profitable careers. Their evolution displays the growing professionalization of youth sports activities and the rising recognition of the significance of early athletic growth.

This dialogue will additional discover the important thing traits of those high-performing youth athletic applications, specializing in teaching methodologies, participant growth methods, and the general impression on the athletic panorama. It’s going to additionally look at the challenges and alternatives dealing with these organizations within the evolving world of youth sports activities.

1. Superior Coaching Packages

Superior coaching applications signify a cornerstone of top-flight junior golf equipment, distinguishing them from leisure or much less aggressive youth sports activities organizations. These applications make the most of subtle methodologies, usually incorporating sport science ideas, to optimize athletic growth. A key component is the emphasis on individualized coaching plans tailor-made to every athlete’s particular wants and developmental stage. For example, a junior volleyball membership may make use of superior video evaluation to establish and proper technical flaws in a participant’s spiking method, coupled with power and conditioning applications designed to enhance leaping energy. Equally, a swimming membership may make the most of underwater cameras and biomechanical evaluation to refine stroke effectivity and reduce drag. This dedication to individualized, science-backed coaching considerably accelerates talent acquisition and enhances efficiency.

The efficacy of superior coaching applications is additional amplified by the combination of specialised tools and expertise. Entry to state-of-the-art services, corresponding to altitude chambers for endurance coaching or specialised pitching machines in baseball, permits athletes to refine their abilities beneath optimum circumstances. Moreover, these applications usually incorporate efficiency monitoring instruments, like wearable sensors that monitor biometric information, enabling coaches to objectively assess coaching load, restoration, and total athlete well-being. This data-driven method facilitates knowledgeable decision-making, enabling coaches to tailor coaching applications for maximal effectiveness and reduce the chance of damage. The mixing of expertise and specialised assets permits top-flight golf equipment to create a high-performance setting conducive to accelerated growth.

In the end, the dedication to superior coaching applications distinguishes top-flight junior golf equipment and contributes considerably to their success in creating elite athletes. Whereas entry to such applications may be resource-intensive, their impression on athletic growth is plain. The problem lies in balancing the depth of those applications with the necessity for athlete well-being and long-term growth. Additional analysis into optimum coaching methodologies and athlete monitoring methods will probably be essential in refining these applications and maximizing their effectiveness in shaping the subsequent technology of athletes.

2. Skilled Teaching

Skilled teaching constitutes a essential element of top-flight junior golf equipment, considerably influencing participant growth and total program success. The standard of teaching instantly impacts an athlete’s technical proficiency, tactical understanding, and psychological growth. This part explores key sides of professional teaching inside these elite youth athletic environments.

  • Technical Experience and Ability Growth

    Coaches in top-flight applications possess deep technical data of their respective sports activities. They show experience in elementary talent instruction, biomechanics, and sport-specific coaching methodologies. For instance, a basketball coach may break down the mechanics of a leap shot into its constituent components, offering individualized suggestions to gamers on footwork, hand placement, and launch level. This granular method to talent growth, grounded in technical experience, differentiates top-flight teaching from much less specialised instruction.

  • Tactical Acumen and Strategic Considering

    Past technical abilities, professional coaches domesticate tactical consciousness and strategic considering. They equip athletes with the power to research sport conditions, make knowledgeable selections beneath strain, and execute advanced sport plans. A soccer coach, as an example, may implement subtle tactical frameworks, instructing gamers exploit house, preserve possession, and transition successfully between offense and protection. This give attention to tactical growth prepares athletes for the complexities of high-level competitors.

  • Mentorship and Athlete Growth

    Skilled coaches function mentors, guiding athletes not solely of their athletic pursuits but additionally of their private growth. They foster a constructive coaching setting, emphasizing self-discipline, teamwork, and management abilities. A volleyball coach may create alternatives for gamers to guide drills, fostering communication and decision-making abilities. This holistic method to athlete growth acknowledges that success extends past the taking part in discipline.

  • Efficiency Evaluation and Participant Suggestions

    Skilled coaches make the most of efficiency evaluation instruments and methods to offer focused suggestions to athletes. This data-driven method permits for goal evaluation of strengths and weaknesses, enabling coaches to tailor coaching applications and maximize particular person participant growth. A tennis coach may use video evaluation to trace a participant’s serve velocity and accuracy, offering concrete information factors for enchancment. This emphasis on goal suggestions contributes to steady enchancment and efficiency optimization.

The mix of technical experience, tactical acumen, mentorship, and efficiency evaluation defines professional teaching inside top-flight junior golf equipment. These coaches play an integral function in shaping the way forward for their respective sports activities by cultivating the subsequent technology of elite athletes. The impression of their steering extends past athletic achievements, shaping character and instilling priceless life classes. Investing in and prioritizing professional teaching stays a trademark of profitable top-flight applications.

3. Aggressive Alternatives

Aggressive alternatives signify a cornerstone of top-flight junior golf equipment, offering athletes with important experiences that foster progress, talent growth, and publicity to high-level competitors. These alternatives are rigorously curated to maximise athlete growth and put together them for future success. The next sides spotlight the essential function of competitors inside these elite applications.

  • Excessive-Degree Tournaments and Showcases

    High-flight golf equipment prioritize participation in prestigious tournaments and showcases, providing athletes alternatives to compete towards the most effective of their age group. These occasions usually entice school recruiters {and professional} scouts, offering priceless publicity for aspiring athletes. Examples embody nationwide championship occasions, worldwide competitions, and invitation-only showcases. These experiences not solely check an athlete’s abilities beneath strain but additionally present benchmarks for progress and establish areas for enchancment.

  • Common League Play and Structured Competitors

    Past showcase occasions, constant league play supplies athletes with common competitors towards high-caliber opponents. High-flight golf equipment usually take part in leagues designed for elite youth athletes, guaranteeing a difficult and developmental aggressive setting. This structured competitors permits athletes to hone their abilities, develop tactical consciousness, and acquire expertise in various sport conditions. Common league play enhances the depth of showcase occasions, offering a constant platform for progress.

  • Worldwide Publicity and Cultural Alternate

    Some top-flight golf equipment supply worldwide competitors alternatives, exposing athletes to completely different taking part in kinds, cultures, and ranges of competitors. These experiences broaden an athlete’s perspective, improve adaptability, and supply invaluable life classes. Enjoying towards groups from completely different nations expands tactical understanding and exposes athletes to various approaches to the sport. Such alternatives contribute to well-rounded growth, extending past purely athletic pursuits.

  • Efficiency Analysis and Development Pathways

    Aggressive alternatives inside top-flight golf equipment function platforms for efficiency analysis and identification of potential development pathways. Coaches and scouts make the most of these occasions to evaluate participant progress, establish strengths and weaknesses, and decide potential for future success. Robust performances in high-level competitions can open doorways to collegiate athletic applications, skilled alternatives, and nationwide workforce choice. These alternatives present tangible benchmarks for athlete growth and function stepping stones towards greater ranges of competitors.

The strategic integration of aggressive alternatives inside top-flight junior golf equipment distinguishes these applications and contributes considerably to athlete growth. The emphasis on high-level competitors, mixed with common league play and worldwide publicity, creates a difficult but supportive setting that prepares athletes for the calls for of elite-level sports activities. These experiences play a vital function in shaping athletic careers and fostering private progress.

4. Ability Growth Focus

A pronounced emphasis on talent growth distinguishes top-flight junior golf equipment from leisure or much less aggressive youth sports activities organizations. These golf equipment prioritize systematic and specialised coaching designed to maximise particular person participant potential. This focus fosters technical mastery, tactical understanding, and bodily conditioning, making ready athletes for the calls for of high-level competitors.

  • Foundational Ability Mastery

    High-flight golf equipment dedicate important time and assets to creating foundational abilities. In basketball, this may contain repetitive drills specializing in ball-handling, passing, and taking pictures mechanics. In soccer, it may entail intensive coaching on dribbling, passing accuracy, and first contact management. This emphasis on elementary abilities builds a strong base for future growth and permits athletes to execute advanced actions effectively.

  • Place-Particular Coaching

    As athletes progress, top-flight golf equipment incorporate position-specific coaching to refine abilities related to their roles inside a workforce. A volleyball setter, as an example, may obtain specialised coaching on setting methods, court docket imaginative and prescient, and offensive technique. A baseball pitcher may bear intensive coaching on pitching mechanics, grip variations, and management. This specialised coaching permits athletes to excel of their chosen positions and contribute successfully to workforce efficiency.

  • Tactical and Strategic Growth

    Ability growth in top-flight golf equipment extends past particular person technical proficiency. Coaches emphasize tactical understanding and strategic considering, instructing athletes apply their abilities inside a workforce context. This may contain practising set performs in basketball, studying defensive formations in soccer, or understanding offensive methods in volleyball. Tactical growth prepares athletes to make knowledgeable selections beneath strain and contribute successfully to workforce success.

  • Built-in Bodily Conditioning

    Bodily conditioning performs a significant function in talent growth inside top-flight golf equipment. Power coaching, agility drills, and velocity work improve athleticism, permitting athletes to execute abilities with larger energy, precision, and effectivity. This built-in method to bodily growth enhances talent coaching, guaranteeing that athletes possess the bodily attributes essential to carry out at a excessive stage.

The great method to talent growth employed by top-flight junior golf equipment units them aside and contributes considerably to athlete success. By emphasizing foundational abilities, position-specific coaching, tactical growth, and built-in bodily conditioning, these golf equipment equip athletes with the instruments essential to excel of their chosen sports activities and attain their full potential. This devoted give attention to talent growth prepares athletes not just for aggressive success but additionally for the bodily and psychological calls for of high-level athletics.

5. Excessive-Efficiency Pathways

Excessive-performance pathways signify a vital hyperlink between top-flight junior golf equipment and the upper echelons of athletic competitors. These structured applications present proficient younger athletes with a clearly outlined path to progress by way of the developmental levels, finally aiming for collegiate, skilled, or nationwide workforce illustration. These pathways usually contain tiered aggressive buildings, superior coaching alternatives, and publicity to high-level teaching and competitors. For instance, a top-flight junior soccer membership might need a tiered system the place distinctive gamers from youthful age teams are recognized and invited to hitch elite growth squads, offering them with specialised coaching and alternatives to compete in higher-level leagues and tournaments. This structured development permits athletes to step by step enhance their abilities and aggressive expertise, making ready them for the trials of upper ranges of play.

The efficacy of high-performance pathways relies upon closely on collaboration between junior golf equipment, nationwide governing our bodies, and academic establishments. For example, a nationwide basketball federation may associate with top-flight junior golf equipment to establish and develop promising younger gamers for nationwide workforce applications. This collaboration may contain shared coaching assets, standardized analysis standards, and alternatives for athletes to take part in nationwide workforce coaching camps. Equally, partnerships with universities can create seamless transitions for athletes aspiring to compete on the collegiate stage. These collaborations guarantee a cohesive and supportive setting for athlete growth, maximizing the probabilities of success at greater ranges of competitors. Take into account the instance of a junior hockey participant who progresses by way of a membership’s high-performance pathway, ultimately incomes a scholarship to a prestigious college hockey program and subsequently being drafted into knowledgeable league this illustrates the sensible significance of those pathways in shaping athletic careers.

Excessive-performance pathways function a essential bridge between grassroots athletic growth and elite competitors. Their effectiveness depends on structured development, collaborative partnerships, and a long-term imaginative and prescient for athlete growth. Challenges stay in guaranteeing equitable entry to those pathways and in balancing the calls for of high-performance coaching with the tutorial and social wants of younger athletes. Addressing these challenges is essential for maximizing the impression of high-performance pathways and guaranteeing a sustainable future for athletic growth.

6. State-of-the-art Amenities

State-of-the-art services play a pivotal function within the growth of elite younger athletes inside top-flight junior golf equipment. Entry to superior coaching environments instantly influences talent acquisition, efficiency enhancement, and total athletic growth. These services usually embody specialised tools, cutting-edge expertise, and expertly designed coaching areas that cater to the precise wants of every sport. For instance, a top-flight swimming membership may characteristic Olympic-sized swimming pools with underwater cameras for stroke evaluation, superior timing methods, and resistance coaching tools particularly designed for aquatic athletes. Equally, a baseball academy may boast indoor batting cages with pitching machines that simulate game-speed pitches, specialised coaching areas for fielding drills, and video evaluation expertise for swing mechanics. This entry to specialised assets creates a coaching setting conducive to fast talent growth and efficiency optimization.

The impression of state-of-the-art services extends past technical talent growth. These environments foster a tradition of excellence, motivating athletes to try for peak efficiency. Trendy weight rooms geared up with superior power and conditioning tools, devoted areas for damage prevention and rehabilitation, and entry to sports activities science professionals contribute to a holistic method to athlete growth. Moreover, these services usually present alternatives for athletes to research their efficiency information, monitor progress, and establish areas for enchancment. Take into account a monitor and discipline membership with entry to a biomechanics lab; athletes can analyze their working gait, establish inefficiencies, and work with coaches to optimize their type, resulting in improved velocity and lowered danger of damage. This integration of expertise and experience permits top-flight golf equipment to offer a complete coaching expertise that maximizes athlete potential.

Funding in state-of-the-art services represents a big dedication to athlete growth and underscores the excessive requirements of top-flight junior golf equipment. Whereas entry to such services may be resource-intensive, their impression on athlete efficiency and total program success is plain. The problem lies in guaranteeing equitable entry to those assets and in balancing funding in services with different essential points of athlete growth, corresponding to teaching experience and aggressive alternatives. Addressing these challenges will probably be important for fostering a sustainable and equitable panorama for youth athletic growth. The connection between state-of-the-art services and the success of top-flight junior golf equipment is obvious; these environments are integral to nurturing the subsequent technology of elite athletes.

7. Holistic Participant Growth

Holistic participant growth represents a cornerstone philosophy inside top-flight junior golf equipment, recognizing that athletic excellence extends past bodily prowess. These organizations prioritize the event of the entire athlete, encompassing bodily, psychological, social, and emotional well-being. This method acknowledges the interconnectedness of those domains and their collective impression on athletic efficiency and private progress. For instance, a top-flight tennis academy may incorporate mindfulness coaching alongside technical talent growth, recognizing the significance of psychological fortitude in dealing with the pressures of competitors. Equally, a junior hockey membership may emphasize teamwork and management growth alongside on-ice coaching, fostering a supportive workforce setting and making ready athletes for future management roles. This built-in method acknowledges that athletic success just isn’t solely decided by bodily expertise but additionally by psychological resilience, emotional intelligence, and social competence.

The sensible significance of holistic participant growth is clear in its long-term impression on athlete well-being and profession trajectories. Athletes who profit from this method are higher geared up to deal with the challenges of high-level competitors, handle stress successfully, and navigate the complexities of athletic careers. Take into account a gymnast who experiences a setback because of damage; a holistic method emphasizes not solely bodily rehabilitation but additionally psychological assist and emotional coping methods, facilitating a extra full restoration and selling long-term athletic well-being. Moreover, holistic growth fosters transferable abilities corresponding to self-discipline, time administration, and communication, which profit athletes each on and off the sector. These abilities contribute to educational success, profession development, and total private achievement, highlighting the long-term worth of holistic participant growth.

Holistic participant growth distinguishes top-flight junior golf equipment from applications that focus solely on bodily coaching. Whereas the implementation of holistic approaches may be resource-intensive, requiring experience in various fields corresponding to sports activities psychology and diet, the long-term advantages are plain. Challenges stay in guaranteeing constant implementation of holistic ideas throughout completely different sports activities and age teams and in measuring the effectiveness of those interventions. Addressing these challenges will probably be essential for maximizing the impression of holistic participant growth and guaranteeing the well-rounded growth of younger athletes. The dedication to nurturing the entire athlete represents a big development in youth sports activities and underscores the significance of a balanced and built-in method to athletic growth.

8. Character Constructing

Character constructing performs a significant function inside top-flight junior golf equipment, complementing athletic growth with an emphasis on private progress and moral conduct. These organizations acknowledge that athletic pursuits present a fertile floor for cultivating important life abilities, shaping younger athletes into well-rounded people ready for future success each on and off the sector. The next sides spotlight the important thing elements of character constructing inside these elite athletic environments.

  • Resilience and Perseverance

    High-flight junior golf equipment foster resilience by exposing athletes to difficult coaching regimens and high-stakes competitors. Athletes study to beat setbacks, handle strain, and persevere by way of adversity. A gymnast repeatedly practising a tough routine regardless of quite a few falls develops resilience, studying to bounce again from failures and preserve a progress mindset. This resilience interprets past the health club, equipping athletes to navigate challenges of their educational, skilled, and private lives.

  • Management and Teamwork

    Group-oriented sports activities inside top-flight golf equipment present ample alternatives for creating management and teamwork abilities. Athletes study to collaborate successfully, talk constructively, and assist their teammates. A soccer workforce captain who motivates their teammates throughout a difficult sport and strategically organizes the workforce’s protection demonstrates management and fosters workforce cohesion. These experiences domesticate management qualities that reach past the taking part in discipline, benefiting athletes in future educational, skilled, and group endeavors.

  • Sportsmanship and Respect

    High-flight golf equipment emphasize sportsmanship and respect, instilling in athletes the significance of moral conduct and honest play. Athletes study to respect opponents, officers, and the foundations of the sport. A tennis participant who congratulates their opponent after a carefully contested match, whatever the end result, demonstrates sportsmanship and respect for the sport. These values contribute to a constructive sporting setting and promote moral habits that extends past the athletic enviornment.

  • Self-discipline and Time Administration

    The demanding schedules and rigorous coaching regimens of top-flight golf equipment necessitate self-discipline and efficient time administration. Athletes study to prioritize duties, stability athletic commitments with educational obligations, and preserve a structured routine. A swimmer who balances early morning practices, schoolwork, and household commitments develops self-discipline and time administration abilities that contribute to success in numerous points of life. These organizational abilities show invaluable in educational pursuits, skilled careers, and private endeavors.

The emphasis on character constructing inside top-flight junior golf equipment enhances athletic growth, producing well-rounded people geared up with important life abilities. By fostering resilience, management, sportsmanship, and self-discipline, these applications put together athletes not just for aggressive success but additionally for the challenges and alternatives that lie forward of their future endeavors. This dedication to character growth distinguishes top-flight golf equipment and contributes considerably to their long-term impression on younger athletes’ lives, extending far past the taking part in discipline.

Ceaselessly Requested Questions on Elite Junior Athletic Packages

This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning elite junior athletic applications, sometimes called “high flight jr golf equipment,” offering readability and dispelling misconceptions.

Query 1: What distinguishes elite junior applications from leisure youth sports activities?

Elite applications prioritize superior coaching, aggressive excellence, and athlete growth pathways. They characteristic professional teaching, specialised services, and rigorous coaching schedules designed to maximise athlete potential. Leisure applications usually emphasize participation, enjoyment, and elementary talent growth.

Query 2: How can participation in an elite junior program profit a younger athlete?

Advantages embody enhanced talent growth, publicity to high-level competitors, improved bodily conditioning, character constructing, and elevated alternatives for collegiate or skilled development. These applications present athletes with the instruments and assets to succeed in their full potential.

Query 3: What are the standard time commitments related to elite junior applications?

Time commitments fluctuate relying on the game, age group, and particular program. Nevertheless, athletes ought to anticipate important time devoted to coaching, practices, competitions, and journey. Balancing athletic commitments with educational and private obligations is essential.

Query 4: How are elite junior applications usually structured?

Many elite applications characteristic tiered buildings, permitting athletes to progress by way of more and more aggressive ranges based mostly on talent and growth. They usually embody tryouts, evaluations, and choice processes to make sure applicable placement and aggressive stability inside completely different groups or coaching teams.

Query 5: What are the important thing components to think about when choosing an elite junior program?

Essential components embody teaching {qualifications}, coaching methodologies, aggressive alternatives, facility high quality, program philosophy, and total athlete assist companies. Aligning a program’s values and targets with the athlete’s particular person wants and aspirations is crucial.

Query 6: What are the potential challenges related to collaborating in an elite junior program?

Potential challenges embody time dedication calls for, monetary prices, journey necessities, strain to carry out, and potential for burnout or damage. Open communication between athletes, mother and father, and coaches is crucial for navigating these challenges and guaranteeing a constructive expertise.

Cautious consideration of those incessantly requested questions can present priceless insights into the world of elite junior athletic applications, enabling knowledgeable selections that align with particular person athlete wants and aspirations.

The next part delves into particular examples of profitable elite junior applications throughout numerous sports activities, highlighting finest practices and program buildings.

Ideas for Navigating Elite Junior Athletic Packages

Efficiently navigating the panorama of elite junior athletic applications requires cautious planning, knowledgeable decision-making, and a dedication to athlete well-being. The next ideas present steering for athletes and households contemplating participation in these demanding but rewarding environments.

Tip 1: Analysis Totally

Complete analysis is paramount. Examine program philosophies, teaching credentials, coaching methodologies, aggressive schedules, and related prices. Search suggestions from present or former athletes and households to realize firsthand insights into program tradition and effectiveness.

Tip 2: Prioritize Athlete Properly-being

Steadiness intense coaching with satisfactory relaxation and restoration. Prioritize diet, sleep, and stress administration to forestall burnout and promote long-term athletic growth. Open communication between athletes, mother and father, and coaches is essential for addressing bodily and emotional well-being.

Tip 3: Outline Clear Objectives and Expectations

Set up sensible targets and expectations aligned with the athlete’s particular person aspirations and developmental stage. Concentrate on talent development, private progress, and pleasure of the game, quite than solely on aggressive outcomes. Usually consider progress and regulate targets as wanted.

Tip 4: Foster a Supportive Setting

Create a supportive and inspiring setting that prioritizes the athlete’s total well-being. Emphasize open communication, constructive reinforcement, and a balanced method to athletic pursuits. Encourage athletes to pursue various pursuits exterior of sports activities to foster well-rounded growth.

Tip 5: Embrace a Lengthy-Time period Growth Perspective

Athletic growth is a long-term course of. Concentrate on constant effort, steady enchancment, and talent mastery quite than instant outcomes. Embrace challenges as alternatives for progress and studying. Endurance and perseverance are important for long-term success.

Tip 6: Guarantee Open Communication

Keep open and trustworthy communication between athletes, mother and father, and coaches. Tackle issues promptly and constructively. Set up clear strains of communication concerning coaching schedules, aggressive expectations, and athlete well-being. Common communication fosters a constructive and productive coaching setting.

Tip 7: Steadiness Athletic Pursuits with Different Commitments

Encourage a balanced life-style that integrates athletic pursuits with educational research, social interactions, and different extracurricular actions. Keep away from over-scheduling and prioritize actions that promote total well-being and private progress. A balanced method fosters a more healthy and extra sustainable athletic journey.

By adhering to those pointers, athletes and households can navigate the complexities of elite junior athletic applications successfully, maximizing the potential advantages whereas mitigating potential dangers. The following pointers promote a balanced, sustainable, and finally rewarding expertise for aspiring younger athletes.

The concluding part summarizes key takeaways and provides last suggestions for these searching for to excel inside elite junior athletic applications.

Conclusion

Elite junior athletic applications signify a big pressure in youth sports activities, providing aspiring athletes structured pathways towards high-level competitors. This exploration has highlighted key elements of those applications, together with superior coaching methodologies, professional teaching, aggressive alternatives, a devoted give attention to talent growth, established high-performance pathways, state-of-the-art services, holistic participant growth, and an emphasis on character constructing. These parts collectively contribute to an setting conducive to athletic excellence and private progress. The examination of incessantly requested questions addressed frequent issues and offered sensible steering for navigating these demanding but rewarding environments.

The way forward for youth sports activities more and more emphasizes specialised coaching and aggressive excellence. Elite junior athletic applications play a pivotal function in shaping this panorama, offering younger athletes with alternatives to succeed in their full potential. The continued evolution of those applications necessitates ongoing analysis and adaptation to make sure alignment with finest practices in athlete growth, long-term well-being, and moral conduct. The dedication to nurturing expertise, fostering private progress, and selling a constructive sporting setting will stay paramount in shaping the subsequent technology of elite athletes.